Springboot的启动过程比较复杂,慢慢学习,慢慢分析。
Springboot的启动类
我们新建的每一个Springboot项目都有一个启动类,该类里面有一个@SpringBootApplication注解,用于启用Springboot的特性,还有一个main函数,用于启动Springboot项目。
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringbootTestApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(SpringbootTestApplication.class, args);
}
}
由这个SpringApplication.run开始启动Springboot项目,进一步阅读源码:
public static ConfigurableApplicationContext run(Class<?> primarySource,
String... args) {
return run(new Class<?>[] { primarySource }, args);
}
public static ConfigurableApplicationContext run(Class<?>[] primarySources,
String[] args) {
return new SpringApplication(primarySources).run(args);
}
由源码可以看出,真正执行的方法是新创建的SpringApplication的run方法。我们先来看看新创建的SpringApplication实例包含哪些内容。
SpringApplication实例
阅读SpringApplication的源码,其构造函数如下:
public SpringApplication(Class<?>... primarySources) {
this(null, primarySources);
}
@SuppressWarnings({ "unchecked", "rawtypes" })
public SpringApplication(ResourceLoader resourceLoader, Class<?>... primarySources) {
this.resourceLoader = resourceLoader;//1
Assert.notNull(primarySources, "PrimarySources must not be null");//2
this.primarySources = new LinkedHashSet<>(Arrays.asList(primarySources));//3
this.webApplicationType = deduceWebApplicationType();//4
setInitializers((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(
ApplicationContextInitializer.class));//5
setListeners((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationListener.class));//6
this.mainApplicationClass = deduceMainApplicationClass();//7
}
分析上面源码可得:
-
resourceLoader为null;
-
primarySources为SpringbootTestApplication.class;
-
代码3是为了将primarySources去重;
-
代码4是推断该Springboot项目的类型,有NONE、SERVLET、REACTIVE;
-
代码5设置该应用上下文初始化器;
-
代码6设置该应用上下文监听器;
-
代码7是推断该应用的main函数所在类。
其中最为复杂的代码是代码5和代码6,但这两句代码都调用了getSpringFactoriesInstances方法,理解其中之一即可。
getSpringFactoriesInstances
先来看看getSpringFactoriesInstances的源码实现:
private <T> Collection<T> getSpringFactoriesInstances(Class<T> type) {
return getSpringFactoriesInstances(type, new Class<?>[] {});
}
private <T> Collection<T> getSpringFactoriesInstances(Class<T> type,
Class<?>[] parameterTypes, Object... args) {
ClassLoader classLoader = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
// Use names and ensure unique to protect against duplicates
Set<String> names = new LinkedHashSet<>(
SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(type, classLoader));//1
List<T> instances = createSpringFactoriesInstances(type, parameterTypes, classLoader, args, names);//2
AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(instances);
return instances;
}
而该方法中,最为重要的是1和2两句。代码1是根据type加载相应SpringFactory,代码2是根据加载的SpringFactory创建相应的实例。
SpringFactory加载
SpringFactory的加载主要是根据type去META-INF/spring.factories文件中加载相应的类型。其过程是首先在SpringFactoriesLoader的Map型缓存中查找是否有key为classLoader的元素,如果有,则直接返回结果,然后根据factoryClassName找到对应的list;如果没有,则去读取META-INF/spring.factories,将该文件中的内容放在一个以classLoader为key的map中,再返回该map,通过factoryClassName取出对应的list。直接看源码来理解:
public static List<String> loadFactoryNames(Class<?> factoryClass, @Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {
String factoryClassName = factoryClass.getName();
return loadSpringFactories(classLoader).getOrDefault(factoryClassName, Collections.emptyList());
}
private static Map<String, List<String>> loadSpringFactories(@Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {
MultiValueMap<String, String> result = cache.get(classLoader);
if (result != null) {
return result;
}
try {
Enumeration<URL> urls = (classLoader != null ?
classLoader.getResources(FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION) :
ClassLoader.getSystemResources(FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION));
result = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();
while (urls.hasMoreElements()) {
URL url = urls.nextElement();
UrlResource resource = new UrlResource(url);
Properties properties = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource);
for (Map.Entry<?, ?> entry : properties.entrySet()) {
List<String> factoryClassNames = Arrays.asList(
StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray((String) entry.getValue()));
result.addAll((String) entry.getKey(), factoryClassNames);
}
}
cache.put(classLoader, result);
return result;
}
catch (IOException ex) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unable to load factories from location [" +
FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION + "]", ex);
}
}
代码中主要加载的是ApplicationContextInitializer和ApplicationListener这两种类型的类,在spring.factories中可以看到它们的相应配置,内容如下:
# Application Context Initializers
org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextInitializer=\
org.springframework.boot.context.ConfigurationWarningsApplicationContextInitializer,\
org.springframework.boot.context.ContextIdApplicationContextInitializer,\
org.springframework.boot.context.config.DelegatingApplicationContextInitializer,\
org.springframework.boot.web.context.ServerPortInfoApplicationContextInitializer
# Application Listeners
org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener=\
org.springframework.boot.ClearCachesApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.builder.ParentContextCloserApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.context.FileEncodingApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.context.config.AnsiOutputApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.context.config.ConfigFileApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.context.config.DelegatingApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.context.logging.ClasspathLoggingApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.context.logging.LoggingApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.liquibase.LiquibaseServiceLocatorApplicationListener
SpringFactory实例化
在加载了SpringFactory之后,即从META-INF/spring.factories文件中获取到ApplicationListener和ApplicationContextInitializer的name列表,这些类即为需要被实例化的类。它们的实例化是通过反射来实现的,源码如下:
private <T> List<T> createSpringFactoriesInstances(Class<T> type,
Class<?>[] parameterTypes, ClassLoader classLoader, Object[] args,
Set<String> names) {
List<T> instances = new ArrayList<>(names.size());
for (String name : names) {
try {
Class<?> instanceClass = ClassUtils.forName(name, classLoader);
Assert.isAssignable(type, instanceClass);
Constructor<?> constructor = instanceClass
.getDeclaredConstructor(parameterTypes);
T instance = (T) BeanUtils.instantiateClass(constructor, args);
instances.add(instance);
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"Cannot instantiate " + type + " : " + name, ex);
}
}
return instances;
}
通过一张图来看看整个SpringApplication的实例化过程。
总结
Springboot的启动过程还是非常复杂的,SpringApplication的实例化是为了加载一些Springboot启动默认的配置类,在SpringApplication的实例化完成后,就通过调用run方法来启动整个应用,在这个过程中,除了一些Springboot的准备工作,其余的过程和spring的启动过程是一样的。